This residency program is for 6 years.

Program length of training does not exceed the Royal College or College of Family Physicians of Canada standard.

Junior Years

The junior cardiac surgery rotation will expect the resident to learn to perform sternotomy, cannulate the patient for cardiopulmonary bypass, harvest conduits for coronary artery bypass such as the long saphenous vein and the left internal mammary artery. The resident will assume a gradually increasing role in performing parts of coronary artery bypass procedures.

The vascular surgery rotation will provide additional opportunity for the resident to perform arterial anastomoses. In addition, the resident will be exposed to management of conditions involving venous disorders and acute ischemia.

During thoracic surgery, the resident will learn to perform thoracotomy incisions and have the opportunity to perform bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy, lung biopsy, apical bullectomy and tracheostomy. He/she will assist in pulmonary and esophageal resections.

Senior Years

The senior year in cardiac surgery will provide the resident with a large volume of cardiac surgery. Upon its completion, the resident will be capable of independently performing coronary artery bypass surgery and valve repair/replacement. He/she will have gained experience in “redo” surgery. There will be maximal resident exposure to procedures that are performed less frequently, such as those involving aortic root enlargement, aortic arch surgery, pericardial resection, emergency cases such as aortic dissections and ruptured VSD repair, and specialized cases such as mitral valve repair and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.

The pediatric cardiac surgical rotation will occur at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. He/she will take part in a large number of different procedures, some palliative, some staged and some definitive.

PGY-1

Rotations during PGY-1 year include: Transition to Practice and Foundations of Discipline; adult cardiac surgery, vascular surgery, general surgery (trauma), cardiology rotations (Consults, Imaging, Echo, EP).

PGY-2

Rotations during PGY-2 year include: Foundations of Discipline; adult cardiac surgery, cardiac anaesthesia, ICU, cardiac catheterization, CCU.

PGY-3

The PGY-3 year is an academic enrichment year.

PGY-4

Rotations during PGY-4 year include: adult cardiac surgery, cardiac catheterization, thoracic surgery and vascular surgery.

PGY-5

Rotations during the PGY-5 year include: pediatric cardiac surgery, adult cardiac surgery and electives based on career goals (VAD, Cath, Peds).

PGY-6

The final training year is spent as senior resident in adult cardiac surgery.

Research

The academic enrichment year (PGY-3) provides an opportunity for research. Additional involvement in research projects is required during residency training.

Seminars

The cardiac surgery service has weekly teaching rounds – didactic or hands-on – on Friday mornings. Additionally, every Wednesday morning we host cardiac surgery grand rounds where residents are expected to present on a rotating basis. These rounds include – but are not limited to – mortality morbidity, ongoing research, newly published works, etc.